什么是及物动词?

及物动词是可以带直接宾语的动词。换句话说，及物动词的动作是对某人或某事做的。大多数动词都是及物动词。

及物动词与不及物动词形成对比，不及物动词是不带直接宾语的动词。换句话说，它不是对某人或某事做的。它只涉及主题。

及物动词的例子

在下面的例子中，及物动词被突出显示，直接宾语(即被作用的事物)用粗体表示。

• Lee eats pies.

(Eats is transitive because you can eat something.)

• Lee loves mince pies.

(love是及物动词，因为你可以爱某物。请注意，直接宾语通常不是单个单词。它们通常是名词短语，也就是说，不止一个单词。)

• Lee bought dozens of cakes.
• (Bought 是及物动词，因为你可以买某物.)

不及物动词的例句

As transitive verbs contrast with intransitive verbs, let's look at some intransitive ones. In the examples below, each intransitive verb is shaded. Remember that an intransitive verb can't have a direct object, so none of the text is in bold.

作为及物动词和不及物动词的对比，我们来看看一些不及物动词。在下面的例句中，每个不及物动词都用斜体表示。记住，不及物动词不能有直接宾语，所以文本中没有粗体。

• He fainted.

(Fainted is an intransitive verb. It has no direct object. You cannot faint something; e.g., you cannot say "He fainted her.")

(晕倒是不及物动词。它没有直接对象。你不能昏过去;例:你不能说“He fainted her.”)

• A vulture soared effortlessly overhead.

(soar是不及物动词。它没有直接对象。你不能高飞;

例:你不能说“The vulture soar The air”。

• The sharks are congregating near the raft.

Are congregating是不及物动词。它没有直接对象。然而，你可以聚集一些东西;例如，你可以说“The whales are congregating the seals。”所以，有些动词既可以是不及物动词，也可以是及物动词。

更多的及物动词的例子

要找到及物动词的直接宾语，找到动词，然后问“what?”或“whom?”如果这个问题看起来很荒谬，你可能涉及的是一个不及物动词。

• All the toys opened their eyes as the clock struck midnight.

(Q: Opened what? A: their eyes)
(Q: Struck what? A: midnight)

(直接对象不一定是有形的东西。如果它回答了与动词有关的“什么”或“谁”的问题，那么它就是一个直接宾语。Midnight是无形的，但它是strike这个动词的直接宾语。)

• No amount of time can erase the memory of a good cat, and no amount of masking tape can ever totally remove his fur from your couch.
• You can't get eight cats to pull a sled through snow

(Q: Can't get what? A: eight cats to pull a sled through snow)

及物动词很常见。它们甚至出现在其他及物动词的直接宾语中。

• I loathe people who keep dogs. They are cowards who haven't got the guts to bite people themselves.

(Q: Loathe what? A: people who keep dogs)
(Q: Haven't got what? A: the guts to bite people)

(如果你只看这个例子中的两个直接宾语(即粗体文本)，每个都有一个及物动词。问:养什么?答:狗;问:咬什么?答:人)

不及物动词的更多例句

• Laugh and the world laughs with you; snore and you sleep alone.
• If the context changes, your greatest strength can emerge as a weakness.

(这两个都是不及物动词。你不能浮现一些东西，但是，等等，你可以改变一些东西，例如，你的袜子或发型。所以，to change是一个可以是及物动词或不及物动词的例子。)

As we've just seen with to change, determining whether a verb is transitive or intransitive can get tricky because some verbs can be both. It depends on the precise meaning. If the verb only involves the subject, it will be intransitive. Let's look at the example again, putting changes through the test:

正如我们刚刚看到的to change，决定一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词会变得很棘手，因为有些动词可以是及物动词还是不及物动词。这取决于确切的含义。如果动词只涉及主语，它就是不及物动词。让我们再看一下这个例子，通过测试进行更改:

• If the context changes, your greatest strength can emerge as a weakness.

(问: 变化什么? 答: 嗯，...只是变化. 你在处理不及物动词时候就是这样检验。)

我们看类似的例子:

• If you change the context, your greatest strength can emerge as a weakness.

(Q: 改变什么? A: 上下文. 这时候，change是及物动词!)

有些动词即可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词

As we touched upon with to change and to crumple in the examples above, some verbs can be transitive or intransitive. Here's a list of common verbs that can be transitive or intransitive with examples.

正如我们在上面的例子中提到的to change，有些动词可以是及物动词或不及物动词。下面是一些可以是及物动词和不及物动词的例子。

及物动词与被动语态

只有及物动词才有被动语态的形式，例如：

• The tart was smashed.

你不能用不及物动词来造被动句。让我们试着用不及物动词exist来创造一个被动句。

• The megalodon was existed about 2 million years ago.

(这是错误，不及物动词不能做被动语态。)